RAF North Coates was a former Royal Air Force station in Lincolnshire, England, six miles south-east of Cleethorpes, and close to the mouth of the Humber estuary, which was an active air station during World War I, and then again from the mid-1920s. Between 1942 and 1945, during the Second World War, it was the home of a Coastal Command Strike Wing, and from 1958 was a base for Bloodhound surface-to-air missiles, until closed in 1990.
Video RAF North Coates
World War I
The camp at North Coates Fitties was opened by the army in 1914 and occupied by men of the Lincolnshire Regiment. In 1916 it was converted into a forward landing ground for aircraft from the Royal Flying Corps' No. 33 (Home Defence) Squadron, based at Brattleby, and tasked with coastal patrols in North Lincolnshire. From October 1918 it was occupied by No. 248 Squadron RAF, but after the armistice the airfield was gradually run down and eventually closed in March 1919, and the land was returned to its original owner.
Maps RAF North Coates
Inter-war period
The site was reacquired in 1926 to serve as a base for aircraft using the bombing range at nearby Donna Nook, and designated No. 2 Armament Practice Camp. The station also served as a training facility for observers and air gunners from 1936 up until the beginning of World War II.
World War II
Following the declaration of war on 3 September 1939, the training units were transferred elsewhere, and No. 2 Recruit Training Pool was formed at the airfield, followed by the Ground Defence Gunnery School in November. In February 1940 the station was transferred to No. 16 Group, Coastal Command, and was first occupied by No.'s 235, 236 and 248 Squadrons, flying the Blenheim in both bomber and long-range fighter variants, until April 1940. North Coates was then occupied by a number of Coastal Command squadrons over the next two years, mostly RAF, but including Fleet Air Arm and Royal Canadian Air Force units, flying a variety of aircraft, mainly Beaufort and Hudson light bombers, but also Hampden and Swordfish torpedo bombers, Avro Anson reconnaissance aircraft and Maryland light bombers.
North Coates Strike Wing
In September 1942 it became the base for the North Coates Strike Wing formed from No.'s 143, 236 and 254 Squadrons, flying the Beaufighter in the heavy fighter, bomber, and "Torbeau" torpedo bomber variants, tasked with attacking enemy shipping in the North Sea. The first operation of the Strike Wing took place on 20 November 1942 when Beaufighters from No's. 236 and 254 Squadrons took off to attack a convoy of twelve to sixteen ships heading towards Rotterdam. The weather was poor, the squadrons lost contact with each other, and the convoy was protected by Fw 190 fighters. As a result, only three enemy ships were damaged, but three Beaufighters were shot down and four so badly damaged that they crashed or made forced landings. The Strike Wing was promptly withdrawn from service for intensive training, during which time, between November 1942 and early 1943, the east-west concrete runway was laid.
It was not until 18 April 1943 that the Wing launched its second operation, when nine "Torbeaus" of No. 254 Squadron, six Beaufighter bombers of No. 236 Squadron, and six Beaufighter heavy fighters of No. 143 Squadron, with Spitfires and Mustangs providing air cover, attacked a heavily escorted convoy off the Dutch coast. While the Beaufighters attacked the escort vessels with bombs, machine gun and cannon fire, the "Torbeaus" attacked the largest merchant vessel. In the attack two M-class minesweepers were set on fire, and an armed trawler was also damaged. Two confirmed torpedo strikes were made on the merchant vessel, which was left listing and on fire. The co-ordinated attack lasted only 15 minutes, and only slight damage was sustained by two or three aircraft. Another operation at the end of the month resulted in the sinking of two merchant vessels and a trawler, with damage to several escort ships, for the loss of one Beaufighter. In June the Strike Wing began to utilize the RP-3 rocket projectile, and by the middle of the year had, along with the minelayers of Bomber Command and the Royal Navy's Nore Flotilla, rendered the Port of Rotterdam almost unusable. Ship captains bringing in iron ore from Sweden began to demand bonuses of up to 300 per cent for risking their ships. By the end of the year the Strike Wing had sunk thirteen ships totalling 34,076 gross tons, and by the end of the war in May 1945 had sunk over 150,000 tons of shipping, as well as two U-boats; U-418 in the Bay of Biscay on 1 June 1943, and U-2338 off the Danish coast on 5 May 1945. They had also lost 120 aircraft and 241 aircrew.
- The RAF North Coates Strike Wing War Memorial in Cleethorpes
Post-war
North Coates was closed in August 1946 and transferred to Maintenance Command, becoming a storage site for No. 25 Maintenance Unit, and was then transferred to No. 61 Maintenance Unit in October. In December 1946 the station was transferred to Flying Training Command, and in January 1947 became No. 1 Initial Training School. However the airfields isolation during the severe winter of 1947 meant that the Officer Cadets were soon relocated.
In May 1948 it was transferred to No. 24 Group, Technical Training Command, and became the location of the School of Explosives Inspection and also No. 5131 (Bomb Disposal) Squadron. In January 1953 the airfield again fell victim to the weather, being overwhelmed during the North Sea flood and was temporarily abandoned when flooded to a depth of 3 feet (0.91 m). In August 1953 the station became the home of No. 54 Maintenance Unit, tasked with breaking up redundant and crashed aircraft for spare parts, coming under No. 43 Group, Maintenance Command, in December 1954. Between February 1955 and October 1957 North Coates was the base of "B" Flight, No. 275 (Air Sea Rescue) Squadron flying Bristol Sycamore HR.14. helicopters. twsg.co.uk>
In April 1956 the airfield was selected as the site of the RAF's first Surface to Air Guided Weapons base, housing forty-eight Bloodhound surface-to-air missiles. In July 1956 work began on the construction of the missile facility, including missile pads, Tactical Control Centre, Missile Repair Section, and Servicing Hangar. In October 1957 No. 17 Joint Services Trials Unit was formed there to carry out operational trials of the Bloodhound Mk. II. The Bloodhounds remained at North Coates until mid-1990, and the station was finally closed in December, and the site transferred to the Defence Land Agency for disposal.
In March 1992 the entire airfield and 80 of the post war married quarter housing were sold to Roger Byron-Collins. The Welbeck Estate Group and Hodge Holdings. Over the ensuing 2 years the married quarters were modernised and sold to the public. Many of the technical site buildings received change of use planning and then sold by public Auction which was held in the Officers Mess. The new owners leased one of the hangars to North Coates Flying Club who continued aviation activities. Over the following 5 years management of the airfield and technical site continued by the owners. Then in 1997 the airfield and land was sold to the local farmer George Henry Parker.<ref name "www.twsg.co.uk"> Over the next few years most of the other buildings were sold or demolished, and the concrete runway, hard standings and the taxiways were removed and the land returned to agricultural use. One hangar is still used by the North Coates Flying Club, who laid a grass airstrip alongside the line of the old runway. <ref name "www.twsg.co.uk">
See also
- List of former Royal Air Force stations
Notes
References
Further reading
- Goulter, Christina J. M. (June 1995). A Forgotten Offensive: Royal Air Force Coastal Command's Anti-Shipping Campaign 1940-1945. Routledge. ISBN 978-0714641478.
- Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (April 1981). Action Stations: 2. Military Airfields of Lincolnshire and the East Midlands. Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0850594847.
- Otter, Patrick (1996). Lincolnshire Airfields in the Second World War. Countryside Books. ISBN 9781853064241.
External links
- "North Coates XCOA Lincolnshire". Airfield Cards. 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- "North Coates". Abandoned, Forgotten & Little-Known Airfields in Europe. 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- "Officers Commanding, RAF North Coates". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- "RAF North Coates". Royal Air Force and Airfield History in Lincolnshire. 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- "North Coates". Aviation Heritage Trail. 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- "Duke of Edinburgh Visits R.A.F. Airfield North Coates". British Pathé. 1958. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- "RAF get 'Bloodhound' missiles". British Pathé. 1958. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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